【IELTS雅思8分】英文寫作必備Paraphrasing四式

- June 01, 2020

IELTS Writing寫作部分首段Introduction (Writing Tasks 1 & 2)和尾段Conclusion (Writing Task 2)，分別需要重覆題目和歸納內文論點。

不過，如果多次重覆字眼，Writing Task評分準則中的“lexical resource”部分就會大量扣分。

所以，考生必須掌握以下4招Paraphrasing的技巧，把同義字詞或句子parahrase到耳目一新。

一、同義詞 (synonym)

最簡單的方法，就是用同義詞去替換相同字詞。以下是一些常用例子：

．cars = motor vehicles

．companies = businesses

．teenagers = adolescents

．the development = the growth/ expansion of

．the government should = the authorities ought to

．should not be allowed = should be banned

．to put people off from =to deter/prevent people from

．solve the problem = resolve the issue

．causes = reasons

．such as = for instance

．beneficial = adventageous

．negative impact = detrimental/ damaging/ harmful effect

！注意！

對於專有名詞的替換，要很小心相似而非相同的概念，例如town(小城鎮) 不等於city(大城市)，vegetarian(會吃雞蛋牛奶等動物產品的素食者)不等於vegan (完全素食者)。

二、改變詞性 (word form)

當然，Paraphrasing不一定是找同義詞的遊戲，如果想不到同義詞，改動詞性也是聰明的做法。

．It is of utmost importance (n.)= It is very important (adj.)…

．The plan was implemented(v.) successfully (adv)=The successful (adj) implementation (n.)…

．we can solve (v.) this problem by = the solution (n.) of this problem is

．rapidly (adv) increased (v.) = a rapid (adj) increase (n.) in

．continue to develop (v.) = continue developing (n.) = continue the development (n.)

．has invaded (v.) = is an invasion (n.) of

三、改變主動被動形態 (active/ passive voice)

另一個聰明的做法，就是active轉passive，vice versa。

．Many people believe that = It is generally believed that (active→passive)

．$3 million was invested in… = The company invested $3 million in …(passive→active)

四、重組句子結構 (sentence structure)

(1) 重組order of clauses

It is rather difficult to say whether the tourism will be revived during this summer.

→ Whether the tourism will be revived during this summer, it is rather difficult to say.

(2) 用relative clause

The authorities should adopt these measures. These measures can help… → The authorities should adopt these measures which can help…

The authorities should adopt these measures. Under these measures, citizens can… → The authorities should adopt these measures under which citizens can…

應用實例

例一、

．Nowadays, more and more foreign students are going to English-speaking countries to study the international language — English

Paraphrase:

．There is a growing number of (同義詞+詞性adj→n.) international (同義詞) students who (relative clause) are learning (同義詞+改詞性) English in English-speaking countries in recent times(同義詞). (重組句子結構)

例二、

．The project was successfully implemented, resulting in various benefits to the companies in the city.

Paraphrase:

．Businesses (同義詞) in the city were benefited (active→passive) in a variety of ways (詞性adj→n) from the successful (詞性adv.→adj.) implementation (詞性v→n.) of the project. (重組句子結構)

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